9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Targets
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
For more detail please visit: www.UN.org
Targets
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
For more detail please visit: www.UN.org
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructureCase studies
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructureBlog
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructureNews
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructurePolicy
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructureEvents
9 – Industry, innovation and infrastructureResources
Fundamental Freedoms Series: Internet Censorship
Author(s): Ou Virak and Robert Finch
Organisation: CCRH
Date produced: June 2011
This fact sheet gives an overview of Internet penetration in the Kingdom of Cambodia (“Cambodia”), the recent trend towards Internet censorship, and the grave implications for freedom of expression in Cambodia. This fact sheet is written by the Cambodian Center for Human Rights (“CCHR”), a non- aligned, independent, non-governmental organization (“NGO”) that works to promote and protect democracy and respect for human rights – primarily civil and political rights – throughout Cambodia.
Fundamental functions of the financial system and regulation
Author(s): Emilios Avgouleas
Institution: University of Manchester
Date produced: 2011
The operation of the financial system serves a host of very important economic functions. On the one hand, savers deposit their surplus money with banks. On the other hand, private and public actors can finance, by means of bank loans, their consumption and investment needs. For this reason the sound and safe operation of the banking system is of strategic importance not only in fostering economic development but also in ensuring social and economic stability.